The economics are extremely simple.
Four parts to a handloaded round. Cartridge case, primer, powder, bullet. The bullet tends to be (by far!) the most expensive part, especially if you can re-use the cartridge case many times. The primer is a very predictable cost and the powder obviously varies depending on whether we're loading .25 ACP or .338 Lapua, but in handgun rounds, the cost of powder is a pittance compared to the bullet.
Like anything in the world, but perhaps
far more so than other stuff, you can bring down your per-unit costs by purchasing in bulk. This even more obvious in handloading, because we may also have to deal with hazmat handling and simply the shipping rates for having HEAVY stuff brought to us.
If you go in to a small town gun shop and buy a box of 100 Hornady XTP component slugs, you spend $25 on a single pound of powder, and simply buy a brick of a thousand primers for $40... then reloading isn't going to save you a heap of money, depending on the caliber we're talking about. (some factory ammo is so high in price that you can still beat it handily even if you don't shop in a manner that brings your costs in check)
So, as a handloader, if you want to bring your costs DOWN and bring your "savings" up ever higher, it's all about the bulk buys. Which obviously means you are laying out large sums of cash when the opportunity presents itself in order to lock in a good unit price.
That means you don't buy a box of 100 bullets.
You buy
3,500 bullets.
Don't pay $25 for the one-pounder of powder.
Spend $140 and get the
eight-pounder!
Don't spend $4.50 for 100 primers or even $40 for a thousand... find some buddies and do a group buy and get 'em for $35/1000, and buy 10,000 of them.
There are many times when I spend "gun" money, and many, many more times when I spend "half a gun" money on a bullet buy. When you find the right deal, you spring in to action.
This is extremely difficult for a brand new handloader because he doesn't know which bullets are worth having 3,500 of in most cases. And if he buys eight pounds of IMR-800X and he's stuck with it, THAT was a costly mistake 'cause it'll take him -YEARS- to get rid of that stuff. Plus, new handloaders have some idea that this new hobby is supposed to "save" them money, but to do that takes multiple expenditures of HUNDREDS of dollars.
Handloaders end up shooting much,
much more, but they don't "save" any money. On a per-shot basis, they are
slaughtering factory ammo, but it takes a lot of money, work, time, and car to do that.